Runtimeerror distributed package doesnt have nccl built in - PyTorch distributed package supports Linux (stable), MacOS (stable), and Windows (prototype). By default for Linux, the Gloo and NCCL backends are built and included in PyTorch distributed (NCCL only when building with CUDA). MPI is an optional backend that can only be included if you build PyTorch from source.

 
Jul 6, 2022 · python.distributedは、Point-to-Point通信や集団通信といった分散処理のAPIを提供しています。これにより、細かな処理をカスタマイズすることが可能です。 通信のbackendとしては、pytorch 1.13時点では、MPI、GLOO、NCCLが選択できます。各backendで利用できる通信関数の一覧は公式ドキュメントに記載されて ... . Gogo no kouchou junai mellow yori 1

Dec 3, 2020 · The multiprocessing and distributed confusing me a lot when I’m reading some code. #the main function to enter def main_worker (rank,cfg): trainer=Train (rank,cfg) if __name__=='_main__': torch.mp.spawn (main_worker,nprocs=cfg.gpus,args= (cfg,)) #here is a slice of Train class class Train (): def __init__ (self,rank,cfg): #nothing special if ... Distributed environment: MULTI_GPU Backend: nccl Num processes: 2 Process index: 1 Local process index: 1 Device: cuda:1 Distributed environment: MULTI_GPU Backend: nccl Num processes: 2 Process index: 0 Local process index: 0 Device: cuda:0 Could you please share what hardware you’re running on and what env?Dec 17, 2021 · [Solved] RuntimeError: Error(s) in loading state_dict for BertForTokenClassification [Solved] mmdetection benchmark.py Error: RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn‘t have NCCL built in [Solved] RuntimeError: a view of a leaf Variable that requires grad is being used in an in-place Mar 2, 2023 · # torch.distributed.init_process_group("nccl") you don't have/didn't properly setup gpus torch. distributed. init_process_group ("gloo") # uses CPU # torch.cuda.set_device(local_rank) remove for the same reasons # torch.set_default_tensor_type(torch.cuda.HalfTensor) torch. set_default_tensor_type (torch. Please don't send emails directly to my mailbox :) Using GitHub issues can help others to know and solve problems. Original Email: Windows don't have NCCL if you can switch to gloo it might do the trick but I have no idea how to do thatOct 9, 2022 · Googling for a solution it seems that Python under Windows does not support NCCL (see e.g. this post). The recomendation is to switch from NCCL to GLOO. The recomendation is to switch from NCCL to GLOO. Please add a note for "Fit More and Train Faster With ZeRO via DeepSpeed and FairScale" that deepspeed or parallel training is not easy/possible on Windows (10 for me) as nccl is not supported (directly) on windows yet.. After all steps likely you will get this error: RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built inPyTorchのCUDAプログラミングに絞って並列処理を見てみる。. なお、 CPU側の並列処理は別資料に記載済みである 。. ここでは、. C++の拡張仕様であるCUDAの基礎知識. カーネルレベルの並列処理. add関数の実装. im2col関数の実装. ストリームレベルの並列処理 ... Dec 17, 2021 · [Solved] RuntimeError: Error(s) in loading state_dict for BertForTokenClassification [Solved] mmdetection benchmark.py Error: RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn‘t have NCCL built in [Solved] RuntimeError: a view of a leaf Variable that requires grad is being used in an in-place File "C:\Users\janice\anaconda3\envs\covnet\lib\site-packages\torch\distributed\distributed_c10d.py", line 597, in _new_process_group_helper raise RuntimeError("Distributed package doesn't have NCCL "RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in Killing subprocess 14712 Traceback (most recent call last):When I run source setup.sh && runexp anli-full infobert roberta-large 2e-5 32 128 -1 1000 42 1e-5 5e-3 6 0.1 0 4e-2 8e-2 0 3 5e-3 0.5 0.9 as specified in the README in the ANLI directory, I encounter a RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in message.Release Notes. This document describes the key features, software enhancements and improvements, and known issues for NCCL 2.18.3. The NVIDIA Collective Communications Library (NCCL) (pronounced “Nickel”) is a library of multi-GPU collective communication primitives that are topology-aware and can be easily integrated into applications. raise RuntimeError("Distributed package doesn't have NCCL " RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built inRuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last):[Solved] Sudo doesn‘t work: “/etc/sudoers is owned by uid 1000, should be 0” [ncclUnhandledCudaError] unhandled cuda error, NCCL version xx.x.x [Solved] Pyinstaller Package and Run Error: RuntimeError: Unable to open/read ui deviceMay 22, 2021 · When I run source setup.sh && runexp anli-full infobert roberta-large 2e-5 32 128 -1 1000 42 1e-5 5e-3 6 0.1 0 4e-2 8e-2 0 3 5e-3 0.5 0.9 as specified in the README in the ANLI directory, I encounter a RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in message. Temporal Message Passing Network for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion - Issues · JiapengWu/TeMPDistributed package doesn't have NCCL built in 问题描述: python在windows环境下dist.init_process_group(backend, rank, world_size)处报错‘RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn’t have NCCL built in’,具体信息如下: File "D:\Software\Anaconda\Anaconda3\envs\segmenter\lib\.I am trying to finetune a ProtGPT-2 model using the following libraries and packages: I am running my scripts in a cluster with SLURM as workload manager and Lmod as environment modul systerm, I also have created a co…It seems that you have not installed NCCL or you have installed a pytorch version that does not build with nccl. BTW, if you only have one GPU, you may not use distributed training. All reactions# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. # ===== """comm_helper""" from mindspore.parallel._ps_context import _is_role_pserver, _is_role_sched from._hccl_management import load_lib as hccl_load_lib _HCCL_AVAILABLE = False _NCCL_AVAILABLE = False try: import mindspore._ms_mpi as mpi ... Learn more » Push, build, and install RubyGems npm packages Python packages Maven artifacts PHP packages Go Modules Bower components Debian packages RPM packages NuGet packages.{"payload":{"allShortcutsEnabled":false,"fileTree":{"torch/distributed":{"items":[{"name":"_composable","path":"torch/distributed/_composable","contentType ... PyTorch distributed package supports Linux (stable), MacOS (stable), and Windows (prototype). By default for Linux, the Gloo and NCCL backends are built and included in PyTorch distributed (NCCL only when building with CUDA). MPI is an optional backend that can only be included if you build PyTorch from source. windows系统下开始训练时如果出现报错RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in,请将train.py第60行的dist.init_process_group(backend='nccl', init_method='env://', world_size=n_gpus, rank=rank)改为dist.init_process_group(backend="gloo", init_method='env://', world_size=n_gpus, rank=rank)Mar 8, 2021 · amogkam changed the title RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in [Windows] RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in on Feb 15, 2022 Mar 14, 2022 · Stuck on an issue? Lightrun Answers was designed to reduce the constant googling that comes with debugging 3rd party libraries. It collects links to all the places you might be looking at while hunting down a tough bug. Mar 22, 2023 · windows系统下开始训练时如果出现报错RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in,请将train.py第60行的dist.init_process_group(backend='nccl', init_method='env://', world_size=n_gpus, rank=rank)改为dist.init_process_group(backend="gloo", init_method='env://', world_size=n_gpus, rank=rank) When trying to run example_completion.py file in my windows laptop, I am getting below error: I am using pytorch 2.0 version with CUDA 11.7 . On typing the command import torch.distributed as dist ...Hewlett Packard Enterprise Support CenterThe Longer Version. PyTorch comes with a simple distributed package and guide that supports multiple backends such as TCP, MPI, and Gloo. The following is a quick tutorial to get you set up with ...According to gpt4, I believe the underlying cause is that I don't have CUDA installed on my macbook. This implies we can't run the training on a macbook, as CUDA is an API for NVIDIA GPUs only. Would love to hear some feedback from the maintainers!RuntimeError: The disk is in use or locked by another process. I am trying out the code for the paper "SinDiffusion". When I try to run this code as said in the read.me file, : mpiexec -n 8 python image_train.py --data_dir data/image1.png --lr 5e-4 --diffusion_steps 1000 --image_size 256 --noise_schedule linear --num_channels 64 --num_head ...Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in 问题描述: python在windows环境下dist.init_process_group(backend, rank, world_size)处报错‘RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn’t have NCCL built in’,具体信息如下: File "D:\Software\Anaconda\Anaconda3\envs\segmenter\lib\.Mar 17, 2020 · 2- When I initialize the environment just like training process and then load the model, I get this error: “Distributed package doesn’t have NCCL built in” I can run this code on my machine totally fine, but I cannot load it in another machine. 问题描述:. python在windows环境下dist.init_process_group (backend, rank, world_size)处报错‘RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn’t have NCCL built in’,具体信息如下:. File "D:\Software\Anaconda\Anaconda3\envs\segmenter\lib\site-packages\torch\distributed\distributed_c10d.py", line 531, in init_process_group timeout ... [Solved] Pyinstaller Package and Run Error: RuntimeError: Unable to open/read ui device Just made a Python program to calculate body mass index BMI, and used Pyside6 to draw the user interface. When using auto-py-exe ( auto-py-to-exe is based on pyinstaller, compared to pyinstaller, it has more GUI interface, which makes it easier to use. for ...Describe the bug Benchmarking script breaks on Jetson Xavier NX & Jetson TX2 with error message RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in ...Mar 23, 2023 · Have a question about this project? ... can't run train in windows 11 as raise "Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in" #431. Closed May 1, 2021 · Temporal Message Passing Network for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion - Issues · JiapengWu/TeMP [Solved] Sudo doesn‘t work: “/etc/sudoers is owned by uid 1000, should be 0” [ncclUnhandledCudaError] unhandled cuda error, NCCL version xx.x.x [Solved] Pyinstaller Package and Run Error: RuntimeError: Unable to open/read ui deviceJul 6, 2022 · python.distributedは、Point-to-Point通信や集団通信といった分散処理のAPIを提供しています。これにより、細かな処理をカスタマイズすることが可能です。 通信のbackendとしては、pytorch 1.13時点では、MPI、GLOO、NCCLが選択できます。各backendで利用できる通信関数の一覧は公式ドキュメントに記載されて ... {"payload":{"allShortcutsEnabled":false,"fileTree":{"torch/distributed":{"items":[{"name":"_composable","path":"torch/distributed/_composable","contentType ... raise RuntimeError("Distributed package doesn't have NCCL " RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in And when I print following option in python, it showsI am trying to use two gpus on my windows machine, but I keep getting raise RuntimeError("Distributed package doesn't have NCCL " "built in") RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in I am still new to pytorch and couldnt really find a way of setting the backend to ‘gloo’. I followed this link by setting the following but still no luck. As NLCC is not available on ...Jan 6, 2022 · Don't have built-in NCCL in distributed package. distributed. zeming_hou (zeming hou) January 6, 2022, 1:10pm 1. 1369×352 18.5 KB. pritamdamania87 (Pritamdamania87) January 7, 2022, 11:00pm 2. @zeming_hou Did you compile PyTorch from source or did you install it via some of the pre-built binaries? RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in / The client socket has failed to connect to [DESKTOP-OSLP67M]:29500 (system error: 10049 - unknown error). #1402 Open wildcatquebec opened this issue Aug 18, 2023 · 0 comments# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. # ===== """comm_helper""" from mindspore.parallel._ps_context import _is_role_pserver, _is_role_sched from._hccl_management import load_lib as hccl_load_lib _HCCL_AVAILABLE = False _NCCL_AVAILABLE = False try: import mindspore._ms_mpi as mpi ...Jul 1, 2020 · As you mentioned that pytorch has NCCL precompiled and both nodes use the same version of NCCL. Does that mean NCCL version is not the problem? Did you notice this “misc/ibvwrap.cc:252 NCCL WARN Call to ibv_reg_mr failed” in the logs. I tried to build torch from source, I hit another roadblock there as well. 595 elif backend == Backend.NCCL: 596 if not is_nccl_available(): --> 597 raise RuntimeError("Distributed package doesn't have NCCL " 598 "built in") 599 pg = ProcessGroupNCCL( RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built inIt seems that you have not installed NCCL or you have installed a pytorch version that does not build with nccl. BTW, if you only have one GPU, you may not use distributed training. All reactionsRuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in 파이썬 실행 시키면 저렇게 뜨면서 실행이 안돼....어케해야 해결 할 수 있을까...PyTorch distributed package supports Linux (stable), MacOS (stable), and Windows (prototype). By default for Linux, the Gloo and NCCL backends are built and included in PyTorch distributed (NCCL only when building with CUDA). MPI is an optional backend that can only be included if you build PyTorch from source.File "C:\Users\janice\anaconda3\envs\covnet\lib\site-packages\torch\distributed\distributed_c10d.py", line 597, in _new_process_group_helper raise RuntimeError("Distributed package doesn't have NCCL "RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in Killing subprocess 14712 Traceback (most recent call last):Apr 5, 2023 · It looks like I dont have nccl, But I did try downloading it (cuda 11.1 compatible version), and the download is of .txz and inside is a library, so I tried pasting it to “C:\Users\user\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages” , but it didnt work. The distributed package comes with a distributed key-value store, which can be used to share information between processes in the group as well as to initialize the distributed package in torch.distributed.init_process_group () (by explicitly creating the store as an alternative to specifying init_method .)Dec 3, 2020 · The multiprocessing and distributed confusing me a lot when I’m reading some code. #the main function to enter def main_worker (rank,cfg): trainer=Train (rank,cfg) if __name__=='_main__': torch.mp.spawn (main_worker,nprocs=cfg.gpus,args= (cfg,)) #here is a slice of Train class class Train (): def __init__ (self,rank,cfg): #nothing special if ... May 1, 2021 · RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in #6. RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in. #6. Open. juntao66 opened this issue on May 1, 2021 · 4 comments. Hi, thanks for taking time and mentioning these useful tips . I am very sorry for the late reply cause I was checking my computer and source code.May 12, 2023 · Method 2: Check NCCL Configuration. Check the configuration of your NCCL library and make sure that it is properly integrated with your distributed package. Review the environment variables and paths associated with the NCCL library and update them if necessary. You can monitor any additional configuration steps outlined in the documentation of ... Check if you already have an NVIDIA driver with nvidia-smi. If you already have the NVIDIA drivers correctly installed, install PyTorch from the official source according to your system. However, I immediately see that you are using Python 3.7, which is not supported with SlowFast.RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have MPI built in. MPI is only included if you build PyTorch from source on a host that has MPI installed. #8 Hangyul-Son opened this issue Dec 30, 2022 · 2 commentswindows系统下开始训练时如果出现报错RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in,请将train.py第60行的dist.init_process_group(backend='nccl', init_method='env://', world_size=n_gpus, rank=rank)改为dist.init_process_group(backend="gloo", init_method='env://', world_size=n_gpus, rank=rank)Apr 30, 2020 · I had to make an nvidia developer account to download nccl. But then it seemed to only provide packages for linux distros. The system with my high-powered GPU isn't running linux, so I think I would have to install Ubuntu in multi-boot to get any further with this. Feb 7, 2022 · File "C:\Users\janice\anaconda3\envs\covnet\lib\site-packages\torch\distributed\distributed_c10d.py", line 597, in _new_process_group_helper raise RuntimeError("Distributed package doesn't have NCCL "RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in Killing subprocess 14712 Traceback (most recent call last): The multiprocessing and distributed confusing me a lot when I’m reading some code. #the main function to enter def main_worker (rank,cfg): trainer=Train (rank,cfg) if __name__=='_main__': torch.mp.spawn (main_worker,nprocs=cfg.gpus,args= (cfg,)) #here is a slice of Train class class Train (): def __init__ (self,rank,cfg): #nothing special if ...It shows the error, “RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn’t have NCCL built in”. Let’s learn about NCCL. The NVIDIA Collective Communication Library (NCCL) implements multi-GPU and multi-node communication primitives optimized for NVIDIA GPUs and Networking. I refer to the below websites to install NVIDIA drivers.Sep 23, 2022 · Distributed environment: MULTI_GPU Backend: nccl Num processes: 2 Process index: 1 Local process index: 1 Device: cuda:1 Distributed environment: MULTI_GPU Backend: nccl Num processes: 2 Process index: 0 Local process index: 0 Device: cuda:0 Could you please share what hardware you’re running on and what env? Mar 22, 2023 · windows系统下开始训练时如果出现报错RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in,请将train.py第60行的dist.init_process_group(backend='nccl', init_method='env://', world_size=n_gpus, rank=rank)改为dist.init_process_group(backend="gloo", init_method='env://', world_size=n_gpus, rank=rank) I am trying to run a simple training script using HF's transformers library and am running into the error `Distributed package doesn't have nccl built in` error. Runtime: DBR 13.0 ML - SPark 3.4.0 - Scala 2.12. Driver: i3.xlarge - 4 cores. Note: This is a CPU instanceYou signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You switched accounts on another tab or window.Dec 12, 2022 · Check if you already have an NVIDIA driver with nvidia-smi. If you already have the NVIDIA drivers correctly installed, install PyTorch from the official source according to your system. However, I immediately see that you are using Python 3.7, which is not supported with SlowFast. Please add a note for "Fit More and Train Faster With ZeRO via DeepSpeed and FairScale" that deepspeed or parallel training is not easy/possible on Windows (10 for me) as nccl is not supported (directly) on windows yet.. After all steps likely you will get this error: RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built inI am trying to use two gpus on my windows machine, but I keep getting raise RuntimeError("Distributed package doesn't have NCCL " "built in") RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in I am still new to pytorch and couldnt really find a way of setting the backend to ‘gloo’. I followed this link by setting the following but still no luck. As NLCC is not available on ...raise RuntimeError("Distributed package doesn’t have NCCL "RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn’t have NCCL built in. I install pytorch from the source v1.0rc1, getting the config summary as follows: USE_NCCL is On, Private Dependencies does not include nccl, nccl is not built-in. PyTorch Version:v1.0rc1; OS:Ubuntu18.04.1python -m torch.distributed.launch --nproc_per_node 1 --use_env ./nlp_example.py Since I was using Windows OS, it gave the following error: RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in My doubt is, will it to possible to change the backend to use gloo, rather than 'NCCL' in Accelerate package? Kindly help. Thank you.Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in. Ask Question. Asked 1 year, 8 months ago. Modified 1 year, 8 months ago. Viewed 1k times. 0. enter image description here. When I am using the code from another server, this exception just happens. pytorch.As you mentioned that pytorch has NCCL precompiled and both nodes use the same version of NCCL. Does that mean NCCL version is not the problem? Did you notice this “misc/ibvwrap.cc:252 NCCL WARN Call to ibv_reg_mr failed” in the logs. I tried to build torch from source, I hit another roadblock there as well.Dec 3, 2020 · The multiprocessing and distributed confusing me a lot when I’m reading some code. #the main function to enter def main_worker (rank,cfg): trainer=Train (rank,cfg) if __name__=='_main__': torch.mp.spawn (main_worker,nprocs=cfg.gpus,args= (cfg,)) #here is a slice of Train class class Train (): def __init__ (self,rank,cfg): #nothing special if ...

I am trying to use multi-gpu distributed training on a model using the Accelerate library. I have already setup my congifs using accelerate config and am using accelerate launch train.py but I keep getting the following errors: raise RuntimeError("Distributed package doesn't have NCCL " "built in") RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in ERROR:torch.distributed.elastic .... Harbor freight father

runtimeerror distributed package doesnt have nccl built in

Distributed package doesn’t have NCCL built in Hi @nguyenngocdat1995 , sorry for the delay - Jetson doesn’t have NCCL, as this library is intended for multi-node servers. You may need to disable the multiprocessing in the detectron’s training.Aug 9, 2023 · I am trying to use multi-gpu distributed training on a model using the Accelerate library. I have already setup my congifs using accelerate config and am using accelerate launch train.py but I keep getting the following errors: raise RuntimeError("Distributed package doesn't have NCCL " "built in") RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in ERROR:torch.distributed.elastic ... Aug 9, 2021 · It seems that you have not installed NCCL or you have installed a pytorch version that does not build with nccl. BTW, if you only have one GPU, you may not use distributed training. All reactions Sep 10, 2022 · Describe the bug Benchmarking script breaks on Jetson Xavier NX & Jetson TX2 with error message RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in ... raise RuntimeError("Distributed package doesn't have NCCL "RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in Traceback (most recent call last): File "tools/train.py", line 250, in main() File "tools/train.py", line 149, in main init_dist(args.launcher, **cfg.dist_params)Release Notes. This document describes the key features, software enhancements and improvements, and known issues for NCCL 2.18.3. The NVIDIA Collective Communications Library (NCCL) (pronounced “Nickel”) is a library of multi-GPU collective communication primitives that are topology-aware and can be easily integrated into applications.XML Map Metadata Format for Open Map Sources : A Survey and Overview SCOPUS single package of gLite, UNICORE, ARC and dCache middleware component, which contains an individual distributed environment, was developed through the EMI project of EU FP7 program.I am trying to run a simple training script using HF's transformers library and am running into the error `Distributed package doesn't have nccl built in` error. Runtime: DBR 13.0 ML - SPark 3.4.0 - Scala 2.12. Driver: i3.xlarge - 4 cores. Note: This is a CPU instanceAug 9, 2021 · How to train a custom model under Windows 10 with miniconda? Inference works great but when I try to start a custom training only errors come up. Latest RTX/Quadro driver and Nvida Cuda Toolkit 11.3 + cudnn 11.3 + ms vs buildtools are in... Check if you already have an NVIDIA driver with nvidia-smi. If you already have the NVIDIA drivers correctly installed, install PyTorch from the official source according to your system. However, I immediately see that you are using Python 3.7, which is not supported with SlowFast.RuntimeError: mat1 and mat2 must have the same dtype. 24: 29177: August 28, 2023 ... RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in. distributed. 27: 9691: It shows the error, “RuntimeError: Distributed package doesn’t have NCCL built in”. Let’s learn about NCCL. The NVIDIA Collective Communication Library (NCCL) implements multi-GPU and multi-node communication primitives optimized for NVIDIA GPUs and Networking. I refer to the below websites to install NVIDIA drivers.Jan 6, 2022 · Don't have built-in NCCL in distributed package. distributed. zeming_hou (zeming hou) January 6, 2022, 1:10pm 1. 1369×352 18.5 KB. pritamdamania87 (Pritamdamania87) January 7, 2022, 11:00pm 2. @zeming_hou Did you compile PyTorch from source or did you install it via some of the pre-built binaries? Distributed package doesn't have NCCL built in. Ask Question. Asked 1 year, 8 months ago. Modified 1 year, 8 months ago. Viewed 1k times. 0. enter image description here. When I am using the code from another server, this exception just happens. pytorch.Mar 14, 2022 · Stuck on an issue? Lightrun Answers was designed to reduce the constant googling that comes with debugging 3rd party libraries. It collects links to all the places you might be looking at while hunting down a tough bug. .

Popular Topics